Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat. According to the CDC (2019), over 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections and 35,000 deaths occur annually in the U.S., rising to…
Introduction Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing global threat, causing longer hospital stays, higher costs, and increased mortality. The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria—such as…
Introduction Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are life-threatening in ICU patients, with rising incidence and persistently high mortality. The increase is linked to complex care needs, immunocompromised states, comorbidities, broad-spectrum antibiotic…
Introduction (Article introduction authored by INCA Editorial Team) Bacterial pneumonia remains a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable populations. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia…